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Types of volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions have caused some of the worst disasters in the world. They can wipe out entireccitiescandckillcthousandscofcpeople.cThe name of volcano comes from Roman term. It derives from VULCAN which is the name of Roman fire god. Romans believed that Vulcan lived on a volcanic Italian coast. Romans called the island VULCANO.

According to scientists, volcanic eruptions are divided in to four basic groups. They are commonly known as Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Peleean. The term of Hawaiian eruptions are named after the volcanoes in Hawaii. These volcanic eruptions are the least violent type. They produce highly fluid lava which flows quietly. This gradually builds upcacshieldcvolcano.

Strombolian eruptions are named after Stromboli. These result from the constant release of gas from the magma. As the gas escapes, it produces tephra that piles up, turning into a cinder cone. Strombolian eruptions happen when sticky magma plugs the central vent. This makes the magmatic gas build up pressure until it blasts. The magma is turned into volcaniccdustcandcbombs.

Vulcanian eruption which comes from the ancient Roman belief, are more violent than the strombolian eruption. Vulcanian eruption happens and brings magma which is more viscous. Vulcanian explosions are usually larger and noisier than the Strombolian eruptions.

Paleean eruptions are famous as the most violent kind of volcanic eruptions. The name of paleean comes from the eruption of Mount Pelee, Martinique in 1902. It killed almost 38 thousands people. A Peleean eruption occurs when the magmatic gas build up tremendous pressure. This causes violent explosions with glowing clouds of hot ash and dust.

Descriptive Text

Prambanan Temple

Identification : Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple compound in Central Java in Indonesia, located approximately 18 km east of Yogyakarta.

Description : The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is one of the largest Hindu temples in south-east Asia. It is characterised by its tall and pointed architecture, typical of Hindu temple architecture, and by the 47m high central building inside a large complex of individual temples.

It was built around 850 CE by either Rakai Pikatan, king of the second Mataram dynasty, or Balitung Maha Sambu, during the Sanjaya Dynasty. Not long after its construction, the temple was abandoned and began to deteriorate. Reconstruction of the compound began in 1918. The main building was completed in around 1953. Much of the original stonework has been stolen and reused at remote construction sites. A temple will only be rebuilt if at least 75% of the original stones are available, and therefore only the foundation walls of most of the smaller shrines are now visible and with no plans for their reconstruction.

The temple was damaged during the earthquake in Java in 2006. Early photos suggest that although the complex appears to be structurally intact, damage is significant. Large pieces of debris, including carvings, were scattered over the ground. The temple has been closed to the public until damage can be fully assessed. The head of Yogyakarta Archaeological Conservation Agency stated that: “it will take months to identify the precise damage”. However, some weeks later in 2006 the site re-opened for visitors. The immediate surroundings of the Hindu temples remain off-limits for safety reasons.

DeFiNiTiOnS Of lInGuIsTiC

Definitions of linguistic

1.    Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context.

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics#cite_note-0)

2.    Linguistis is the study of the nature, structure, and variation of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics.

(http://www.thefreedictionary.com/linguistics)

3.    "Linguistics will have to recognize laws operating universally in language, and in a strictly rational manner, separating general phenomena from those restricted to one branch of languages or another."

(Ferdinand de Saussure, Troisième Cours de Linguistique Générale, 1910-1911)

(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/linguisticsterm.htm)

4.    Aims of Linguistics

"[Linguistics] has a twofold aim: to uncover general principles underlying human language, and to provide reliable descriptions of individual languages."

(Jean Atchison, in The Oxford Companion to the English Language, ed. Tom McArthur, 1992)

(http://grammar.about.com/od/il/g/linguisticsterm.htm)

5.    The Definition of Linguistics.

Linguistics is study of language.

Linguistics is concerned with human language as a universal and recognizable part of human behavior and of the human abilities. Raja T. Nasr (1984).

(http://hadirukiyah.blogspot.com/2009/07/definition-and-branches-of-linguistics.html)

6.    Linguistics is competence as being a persons potential to speak a language, and his or her linguistics performance as the realization of that potential. Monica Crabtree & Joyce Powers (1994).

(http://hadirukiyah.blogspot.com/2009/07/definition-and-branches-of-linguistics.html)

7.    General linguistic generally describes the concepts and categories of a particular language or among all language. It also provides analyzed theory of the language.

(http://hadirukiyah.blogspot.com/2009/07/definition-and-branches-of-linguistics.html)

8.    Definition of LINGUISTICS

the study of human speech including the units, nature, structure, and modification of language.

(http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/linguistics?show=0&t=1316602223)